學英文20年都不懂的150條小問題
小問題通大道理/沒問題才是大問題
英語,不少人從幼稚園開始,一直學到大學,甚至出來社會工作,也在進修學習。
粗略估計,每個新生代香港人,一生平均學英文至少20年,但都學懂了英語嗎?
Every day,everyday和every-day有甚麼分別?Police和 policeman有甚麼分別?
有文法書說 I am stronger than him這說法不對,him應改為he。究竟he、him怎樣分別?這些小問題,你懂得回答,又有多少?
《好壞英語》,嚴選150條通達文法大道理的英語小問題,由資深英語教育作者古德明為你一一解答。從許多平日你想都沒想過的英語小問題入手,幫忙你通曉學了20年英文都可能還未弄明白的文法大問題。你以為的一些小問題,其實進深的是一些大道理,用錯了,不懂用,英語水平,好壞立見。
《好壞英語》,全書分五大部分:(1)Word & Phrase生字及片語、(2)Verb動詞、(3)sentence句子、(4)preposition 介系詞、(5)實用英語。
問題涉及的內容,有似是而非,常給人用錯;有約定俗成;有差一字,意思完全不同的;有通用但不知為何通用的等等,林林總總的問題,都是知道甚麼是壞,才知甚麼是好。
學習英語,從來都不止是對錯的問題,而是好壞的問題。
學英語,以為自己沒問題才是大問題。
小問題通大道理/沒問題才是大問題
英語,不少人從幼稚園開始,一直學到大學,甚至出來社會工作,也在進修學習。
粗略估計,每個新生代香港人,一生平均學英文至少20年,但都學懂了英語嗎?
Every day,everyday和every-day有甚麼分別?Police和 policeman有甚麼分別?
有文法書說 I am stronger than him這說法不對,him應改為he。究竟he、him怎樣分別?這些小問題,你懂得回答,又有多少?
《好壞英語》,嚴選150條通達文法大道理的英語小問題,由資深英語教育作者古德明為你一一解答。從許多平日你想都沒想過的英語小問題入手,幫忙你通曉學了20年英文都可能還未弄明白的文法大問題。你以為的一些小問題,其實進深的是一些大道理,用錯了,不懂用,英語水平,好壞立見。
《好壞英語》,全書分五大部分:(1)Word & Phrase生字及片語、(2)Verb動詞、(3)sentence句子、(4)preposition 介系詞、(5)實用英語。
問題涉及的內容,有似是而非,常給人用錯;有約定俗成;有差一字,意思完全不同的;有通用但不知為何通用的等等,林林總總的問題,都是知道甚麼是壞,才知甚麼是好。
學習英語,從來都不止是對錯的問題,而是好壞的問題。
學英語,以為自己沒問題才是大問題。
前言
Word & Phrase 生字及片語
1. Paper是不可數名詞(uncountable),然則newspaper(報紙)是不是也不可數?
2. It is possible和 It is capable 有甚麼分別?
3. 有文法書說 I am stronger than him 這說法不對,him 應改為 he。究竟 he、him 怎樣分別?
4. Summer holiday(暑期)、New Year holiday(新年假期)等,那 holiday要不要加 s?
5. 「連續五個星期二」是 five consecutive Tuesday 還是 Tuesdays?
6. Log in 和 log on、fill in 和 fill out(a form)有甚麼分別?
7. 報章有以下一句:All items are sold as is and where is。那是甚麼意思?As代表甚麼?
8. KMB(Kowloon Motor Bus 九巴)、 CEO(chief executive officer 總裁)、 BBC(British Broadcasting Company 英國廣播公司)、 HKEA(Hong Kong Examinations Authority 香港考試局)等 acronym之前,用不用冠詞 the,有規則可循嗎?
9. I started as a personal secretary in 1995, and since 1999 have been secretary to the Managing Director(我一九九五年開始任私人秘書,一九九九年以後任公司總裁秘書)一語,為甚麼 personal secretary 冠以a,secretary to the Managing Director 卻不冠以 a 或 the?
10. As well as 是不是只用於句中,等於 and?
11. Shall we go? 和 Should we go?有甚麼分別?
12. As well 是不是只可用於句末,等於 too字?
13. Every day, everyday 和 every-day 有甚麼分別?
14. Think of、think about 這兩個說法可以通用嗎?
15. Can 和 be able to 有甚麼分別?
16. Subtitle、caption 二字是不是都可解作「字幕」?兩字用法有分別嗎?
17. 在英文歌裡看到 people、 water 二字之後都加了 s,這兩個字甚麼時候可用複數形式呢?
18. Most 和 most of 有甚麼分別?
19. Sex 和 gender 有甚麼分別?查字典,同樣都解作「性別」或「性」。
20. Police 和 policeman 有甚麼分別?
21. For one reason or another 一語,讀報經常看到,究竟是甚麼意思?
22. In Ethiopia, border guards make the act of simply getting into the country an adventure(A)in itself(B) by yourself(C) alone(D) with luck。這條選擇題的答案為甚麼是(A)?
23. Present 和 gift 有甚麼分別?
24. 讀報見到 She has three daughters-in-law(她有三個媳婦)一語,在 daughter 之後加 s,正不正確?「多種貨幣儲蓄帳戶」是 multi-currency savings account 還是 multi-currencies savings account?
25. 美國前總統列根自撰墓誌銘說: I know in my heart that man is good, that what is right will always eventually triumph, and there is a reason to each and every life(人性本善,真理必勝,生命無不有其道理:此吾所深信不疑者也)。Each and every 一詞意思重複,是修辭技巧嗎?可以舉些類似的例子嗎?
26. Appendix 和 annex 有甚麼分別?
27. Person(人)的複數形式是 persons 還是 people?兩字用法有甚麼分別?
28. 「曬相」和「夾嘴型」英文怎樣說?
29. 為甚麼男童子軍叫 boy scout,女童子軍卻不叫 girl scout 而叫 girl guide?
30. 「最」多少都有「唯一」的意思,但現在常見「最好的××之一」這類說法。一班學生四十人,你成績排第三十九,也可自稱是「成績最好的三十九名學生之一」,未免荒謬。英文也有這說法嗎?
31. 有瘦身廣告以 slim up 為言,這和 slim down 有甚麼分別?
32. 讀 A Random Walk down the Wall Street(華爾街漫步)一書,見 When Mary talks, stocks go bananas 一語。Stocks go bananas 是甚麼意思?查字典也不得要領。還有其他說 banana 的有趣成語嗎?
33. Catch-22 為甚麼有「無法克服的困難」含義?
34. Cloud-cuckoo-land 一詞怎麼用?
35. 不滿時發出的嘖嘖聲,英文怎麼說?
36. It so happened that 25 years ago to the very week there had been a riot on this campus一語, to the very week 是甚麼意思?
37. The agreement, except clause xx, shall be in the English language(這協議,除了第××條,須用英文書寫)一語,except 之後要不要加 for 字?
38. Ballot 和 vote 有甚麼分別?
39. 看《教父》第三集劇本,見一人病發倒地後,喘著氣說:I've got my wind back。 Wind back 是甚麼意思呢?
40. Continual、 continuous 兩字有甚麼分別?
41. Sick 和 ill 有甚麼分別?
42. 「彩色影印本」是 colour copy 還是 coloured copy?「有效期」是 validity period 還是 valid period?
43. 複合名詞 river bank(河岸)不用連字號,同樣是「名詞+名詞」的 book-shop(書店)卻用;fruit picking(採摘果實)不用連字號,同樣是「名詞+動名詞(gerund)」的 bird-watching(觀鳥)卻用。其中有原則可循嗎?
44. Awaken、 waken 二字有甚麼分別?
45. Apart from 和 except 有甚麼分別?
Verb 動詞
46. The dangers of disease, corruption and civil war make / cause Africa an extremely difficult continent to travel through (疾病、貪污、內戰等危險,使非洲這個大陸難以遍遊)一語,為甚麼要用 make 字而不用 cause?
47. God save the Queen(天佑女王)一語,God 是第三人稱單數名詞(the third person singular),save 為甚麼不加 s?
48. 英文動詞字尾(suffix)—ise 和 —ize 哪個是英式用法,哪個是美式?
49. 「及格分數」是 pass mark 還是 passing mark?那 mark 字要不要加 s?
50. Large(大)的動詞是 enlarge(放大), small 的動詞是甚麼?
51. 曾看到 A flock of birds hovers over the farm(一群鳥兒在農場上空盤旋)、A gang of workers are loading the truck with coal(一群工人正把煤搬到貨車上)這兩句,為甚麼一時用單數形式動詞 hovers,一時用複數 are loading?
52. 小時候,聽老師說 I've、we'd 之類縮略法只用於口語,作文則紀述口語以外必須寫 I have、 we had / would 等。為甚麼現時的教科書即使非口語也常用縮寫?是我以前的老師錯了嗎?
53. He is one of the writers who has / have contributed much to English literature 一語,應用 has 還是 have?
54. 「戴卓爾夫人是英國第一位女首相」,用英文來說,動詞是 is 還是 was?─ Mrs Thatcher is / was the first woman prime minister of the United Kingdom。
55. Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix 書中有 A whole bunch of wizards was standing...(一大群男巫站著)一語。那 was 應改為 were 嗎?
56. He is one of the writers who have contributed much to English literature(他是對英國文學貢獻甚大的作家之一)一語,假如改 have 為 has,可不可以解作「在眾多作家之中,他是對英國文學甚有貢獻者」?
57. There being no further amendments, Mrs Y proposed to adopt the minutes(會議紀錄並無其他修改,Y太太於是提議通過)一語,being 改為 is 會不會好一點?
58. 以下句子的動詞應用甚麼形式? The mirror is broken. There's nothing ____ (do). We'll have to buy another one(鏡子破了,沒法修補,惟有另買一面鏡子)。
59. Would it be possible if I took next Monday off?(我下星期一放假可不可以?)一語,用過去式動詞說未來的事,是否有「看來不可以」含義?
60. A total of 20 people is / are not feeling well(共二十人感到不適)這一句,動詞應用 is 還是 are?
61. Tom and Mary is / are 1.5 metres and 1.3 metres tall, respectively(湯姆、瑪麗身高分別為一點五公尺和一點三公尺)這一句,動詞應用 is 還是 are?
62. Doubt 和 suspect 有甚麼分別?
63. 第一版《朗文當代英漢雙解詞典》neither 條下有 Neither my father nor I were there(我和父親都不在那裡)一語,動詞為甚麼不是單數形式的was?
64. 最近讀到 The sun sank in the west. It grew darker and darker(夕陽西下,天色越來越暗)二語。太陽西下是自然定律,sank 為甚麼不改為 sinks?
65. I found a wallet__(lie) on the floor(我看見地板上有個錢包)一語,動詞 lie 應用甚麼形式?
66. The contract expired / was expired on 31 January(合約一月三十一日期滿)、 The work commenced / was commenced yesterday(工作昨天展開)、 What he said meant / was meant nothing(他那番話沒有意思)這三句,應用主動(active voice)還是被動語態(passive voice)?
67. Do not need to 和 need not to 有甚麼分別?
68. 有文法書說,「to+原形動詞(infinitive)」和動名詞(gerund,即 ing 形式動詞)一樣,都可以作名詞,然則兩者有甚麼分別? To conserve energy is a wise policy(節約能源是明智之舉)可改為 Conserving energy 嗎?
69. Billy, as well as Lily, is / are coming(畢利、莉莉都會來)一語,動詞應用 is 還是 are?
70. He believes that the only way to get what he wants─ be it something material, be it affection─ is to receive it from the outside world(他認為,要得到他想要的東西,無論是物質還是感情,都只能靠外間給予)這一句,be 字是怎樣用的?
71. Animal Farm 的一句: When the other animals came back... the stable lad, who in fact was only stunned, had already recovered and made off(其他動物回到院子時……那馬童已經醒來,溜走了。他原來只是昏了過去)。Stunned 這回事,應發生在 had already recovered 之前,為甚麼反而不用過去完成式 had only been stunned?
72. There is a man, a woman and some children in the garden(花園裡有一個男人、一個女人和一些孩子)這一句,動詞為甚麼用 is?改用 are 可以嗎?
73. That money doesn't grow on trees should be obvious 一語,為甚麼有兩個動詞 grow 和 be?
74. 一份立法會競選政綱說:We have been become even more united(我們變得更團結)。這一句的 been 字可以略去嗎?
Sentence句子
75. 英文有沒有 Please drop me a line when you have time 的說法?我的老師說從未見過這樣的句子,吩咐會考時不要使用。
76. I have got a long hair 和 I got a long hair 有甚麼分別?
77. The girl is gorgeous that I have ever seen 和 The girl is gorgeous that I have never seen 這兩句,有甚麼分別?
78. I like Tom better than any of the other students(我喜歡湯姆,過於他任何一個同學)一語,any of the other students 可不可以改為 any other students?
79. Tom is a stupid student 和 Tom is one stupid student 這兩句,意思有分別嗎?
80. Aren't they here?一語,有人說是「近乎肯定的疑問句,說話者認為他們在這裡;之所以問,只是要求證」。這解釋正確嗎?
81. It is time you stopped fooling around(你不能再這樣游手好閑了)一語,改為轉述句(reported speech),是不是應作 It was time you had stopped fooling around?
82. One of the most important changes to come from the recent outbreaks of bird flu across Asia is the agreement between Hong Kong and mainland China to begin exchanging information on animal diseases一語,to come是不是應改為 came?
83. 以下三句,哪一句正確?(1)Would you mind if I used your phone?(2)Would you mind if I use your phone?(3)Do you mind if I use your phone?(介不介意我用你的電話?)
84. The economy improving, the government's measures to "prop up" property prices seem likely to succeed(目前經濟漸見起色,政府撐起物業價格的措施看來會成功)一語, improving 之前是不是應加 is 一字?
85. I will go to school and I will talk to Miss Chan(我會去學校,跟陳小姐談談)一語,可略作 I will go to school and talk to Miss Chan,但可不可以略作 I will go to school and will talk to Miss Chan?
86. The book is cheap 和 The price of the book is cheap 這兩句,意思有甚麼分別?
87. 和朋友去肯德基快餐店,見到 We do chicken right 一語,是甚麼意思?
88. The behaviour of seven to eight years old children、the behaviour of seven to eight year old children、the behaviour of seven- to eight-year-old children(七至八歲孩子的行為)三個寫法,哪一個正確?
89. 「甲和乙是對夫妻」英文是 A and B are couple、A and B is couple、A and B are couples 還是 A and B are a pair of couples?
90. He drives not so much slowly as recklessly 和 He does not drive so much slowly as recklessly 這兩句,哪一句正確?
91. 有英文參考書說,I don't know whether they are not here 不可解作「我不知道他們是否不在這兒」。我看了全文都不明所以,請先生解釋。
92. 最近讀到一份講「休會」(adjourn)的文件,不明白以下句子:The meeting shall stand adjourned to the same place and at the same time on the second following business day / on the next following business day。Second following business day 和 next following business day 有甚麼分別?
93. That is the last thing I want to hear 是甚麼意思?
94. No ambition is too great 一語應怎樣解釋?
95. Tell you what 和 You know what 這兩句話,是怎樣用的呢?I lost all my money and did not know what / how to do(我失去所有錢,不知所措)一語,應用 what 還是 how?
96. He is five years old 和 He is 5 years old(他五歲)這兩個寫法,使用上有甚麼分別?
97. Give me a break. I don't buy it. 書上譯作「算了,我不相信」;但查字典,give me a break 是「讓我休息一下」,哪個解釋才正確呢?
98. 「那是瑪麗和湯姆的球」英文是 That is Mary's and Tom's ball 還是 That is Mary and Tom's ball?
99. I don't even wear no watch 一語,是說戴了還是沒有戴手錶?
100. 「如果不是我,你已經死了」英文怎麼說?
101. 小一英文習作裡有 What is he? 這問題,答案是 He is a policeman(他是個警察)。英文真是以 What is he? 問人家職業的嗎?交談時問對方做甚麼工作,是不是也可以說 What are you?
102. The project will be carried out in both China and Japan(這計劃會在中、日兩國實行)這一句,刪去 both 一字,意思會有分別嗎?
103. I have sent him an email on 12th August(我八月十二日寄了電郵給他)這個說法,我認為不正確,但不少人都那樣寫,包括律師,究竟他們是否錯了?
104. Could / Would you close the door please?(請你關上門好嗎?)這一句,那 could、 would 不是過去式嗎?為甚麼不用 can 或 will?
105. 分詞子句(participle clause)的主詞(subject),不是應和主要子句(main clause)相同嗎?但《牛津高階英漢雙解詞典》judge條下卻有 Judging from previous experience, he will be late(據經驗判斷,他會遲到)一語,下判斷的人明顯不是主要子句中的 he。然則這一句是否錯了?
Preposition 介系詞
106. 小兒英文課本有 to go to a picnic(去野餐)一語,那 to 字是不是應改為 on?
107. In 和 inside 有甚麼分別?The students are in / inside the classroom 一語,應用 in 還是 inside?
108. 讀 Financial Times,見到 China to inject $45 billion to prop up state banks的標題。這種「主詞(subject)+ to+原形動詞(infinitive)句式」,可以解釋一下嗎?口頭也可用嗎?
109. That was China's third attempt to grabbing the crown of international fashion design 一語,或謂 to 是介系詞(preposition),所以其後用 grabbing之類動名詞(gerund),這解釋正確嗎?
110. Hong Kong is not so / as polluted as mainland China(香港污染情況沒有中國大陸那麼嚴重)、 We had great fun at / on Halloween(萬聖節前夕,我們玩得很痛快)二語,應用 so 還是 as,at 還是 on?老師說 so、on 都不對。
111. I stayed home and waited something to happen(我留在家裡等待某些事情發生)一語,stayed 之後應加 at 嗎?
112. His life was devoted to helping the poor(他一生致力幫助窮人)一語 to 之後為甚麼不用 help 而用 helping?
113. There are many places to go 和 There are many places to go to(有很多地方要去)這兩句,哪一句正確?僑居美國多年的朋友說第二句,然則 There are many problems to deal with(有很多問題要處理)一語,with 為甚麼卻不刪去?Go to a place、deal with a problem 這兩個說法,介系詞 to、with 不是同樣不可刪去嗎?
114. At the meeting on / of 20 April, his proposal was turned down(四月二十日的會議上,他的建議被否決了)一語,介系詞應用 on 還是 of?
115. By "appraisal" is meant a process of information collection and conclusion一語,by 是甚麼意思,可以刪去嗎?
116. Aim at 和 aim to、graduate at 和 graduate from 有甚麼分別?
117. I spent many hours in the internet chat room(我在互聯網聊天室內花了幾小時)一語,in 要不要改為 on?
118. The meeting is scheduled on / for Monday、 The meeting is scheduled by / for the end of June這兩句,用 on 和 for、 by 和 for 有甚麼分別?
119. 食物環境衞生署在龍虎山上有告示說:「 Allow your dog fouling in public place will risk prosecution 請勿讓狗隻隨處便溺,違者會被檢控」。 Fouling之後的 in 字應刪去嗎?
120. After he taught an English course at a tertiary college in Ningbo, he went to the University of Warwick for his MA degree(他在寧波某大專院校教授一個英語課程之後,赴瓦立克大學攻讀文學碩士課程)一語, After he taught 是否應改為 After teaching?
121. When the priest's crime was eventually discovered, he was executed on the orders of Claudius(最後,祭司罪行敗露,被克羅迪阿士判處死刑)一語,介系詞(preposition)用 on 正確嗎?改用 under 可不可以?
122. 以下三個說法都正確嗎?For the period from (date) to (date)、For the period (date) to (date)、 For the period between (date) and (date)。
實用英語
123. 「第幾?」英文怎麼說?例如醫生問「他是今天的第幾個病人?」你問朋友「今天是你幾歲生日?」等。
124. 因病或急事打電話到公司請假,英文怎麼說?
125. All the best 和 I wish you every success 有甚麼分別?此外還有甚麼常用的祝福語?
126. 有人打電話找我上司,他未能接聽,我用英文應該怎樣跟來電者說?
127. 人家說 Nice to meet you,應該怎樣回答?
128. 香港人說的「AA制」,英文叫甚麼?
129. 英文公函常見用 As spoke 或 As spoken 開頭,表示「正如以前說過」,例如:As spoke / spoken, I would like to seek your approval of the project(今謹如所言,奉函請台端批准計劃)。這兩個說法都正確嗎?
130. 人家給你斟酒,說 Say when,你應怎樣回答?
131. 飯後想叫伙計結帳,英文怎麼說?
132. 買東西,要用英語議價,該怎麼說?
133. 求職面試之後,想寄道謝卡給主持面試者,感謝他們給了我機會,應該怎樣下筆?
134. I am available for(an) immediate appointment(我可以立即應聘)、I am available for (an) interview at any time convenient to you(任何時間,只要閣下方便,我都可以來面試)這兩句,應不應該用 an 字?
135. 餐廳中午供應的套餐是 set lunch 還是 lunch set?兩個說法我都聽過。
136. 支票劃線內的 & Co 代表甚麼?
137. Yours faithfully、Very truly yours、Respectfully、Yours sincerely、Cordially、Best regards / Regards 等英文信件收束語,用法有甚麼不同?
138. Please be informed/ advised that... 這說法對不對?
139. 用電話郵箱請人留言,以下說法哪個較好?Hi, this is Peter Li mailbox/ Peter Li's mailbox. Please leave down your message after the beep and I'll get back to you shortly(這是李彼得電話郵箱。請在「嗶」一聲之後留下口信,我很快就會回電話給你)。
140. 有些藥房招牌上寫著 Px,這代表甚麼?
141. 一九八四年,英文叫 nineteen eighty-four,然則二零一年可以叫 twenty eleven 嗎?現在一般都說 two thousand and eleven。又二一零零年、二一一零年、二一一二年等英文怎麼說呢?
142. 「幾十個」、「十幾個」、「三十幾個」等大約的數量,英文怎樣表達?
143. 寫信給姓 Wilson 的父子,可用 senior(大)、 junior(小)區分;說話時則怎樣?假如父親名 Jack,兒子名 John,叫 Mr Jack 或 Mr John可以嗎?
144. 地下列車的八達通卡要增值,英文怎麼說?
145. 「你」的敬稱是「您」,英文 you 有類似的敬稱嗎?
146. 有些公函結尾說 Thanking you for your attention(辱承垂注,謹此致謝),這說法正確嗎?Thanking 可以改為 Thank 嗎?
147. 「經濟問題」是 economic problem 還是 finance problem?Problem 之前應用形容詞還是名詞?
148. 「爆坼」和「生飛滋」英文叫甚麼?
149. 近年常常見人用 buy 字表示「同意」、「相信」等,這個字是不是濫用了?可以用其他字取代嗎?
150. Noel 這個名字,在香港似乎只有女性使用,但《牛津高階英漢雙解詞典》卻列為「男子名」,究竟 Noel是男性還是女性名字?
Word & Phrase 生字及片語
1. Paper是不可數名詞(uncountable),然則newspaper(報紙)是不是也不可數?
2. It is possible和 It is capable 有甚麼分別?
3. 有文法書說 I am stronger than him 這說法不對,him 應改為 he。究竟 he、him 怎樣分別?
4. Summer holiday(暑期)、New Year holiday(新年假期)等,那 holiday要不要加 s?
5. 「連續五個星期二」是 five consecutive Tuesday 還是 Tuesdays?
6. Log in 和 log on、fill in 和 fill out(a form)有甚麼分別?
7. 報章有以下一句:All items are sold as is and where is。那是甚麼意思?As代表甚麼?
8. KMB(Kowloon Motor Bus 九巴)、 CEO(chief executive officer 總裁)、 BBC(British Broadcasting Company 英國廣播公司)、 HKEA(Hong Kong Examinations Authority 香港考試局)等 acronym之前,用不用冠詞 the,有規則可循嗎?
9. I started as a personal secretary in 1995, and since 1999 have been secretary to the Managing Director(我一九九五年開始任私人秘書,一九九九年以後任公司總裁秘書)一語,為甚麼 personal secretary 冠以a,secretary to the Managing Director 卻不冠以 a 或 the?
10. As well as 是不是只用於句中,等於 and?
11. Shall we go? 和 Should we go?有甚麼分別?
12. As well 是不是只可用於句末,等於 too字?
13. Every day, everyday 和 every-day 有甚麼分別?
14. Think of、think about 這兩個說法可以通用嗎?
15. Can 和 be able to 有甚麼分別?
16. Subtitle、caption 二字是不是都可解作「字幕」?兩字用法有分別嗎?
17. 在英文歌裡看到 people、 water 二字之後都加了 s,這兩個字甚麼時候可用複數形式呢?
18. Most 和 most of 有甚麼分別?
19. Sex 和 gender 有甚麼分別?查字典,同樣都解作「性別」或「性」。
20. Police 和 policeman 有甚麼分別?
21. For one reason or another 一語,讀報經常看到,究竟是甚麼意思?
22. In Ethiopia, border guards make the act of simply getting into the country an adventure(A)in itself(B) by yourself(C) alone(D) with luck。這條選擇題的答案為甚麼是(A)?
23. Present 和 gift 有甚麼分別?
24. 讀報見到 She has three daughters-in-law(她有三個媳婦)一語,在 daughter 之後加 s,正不正確?「多種貨幣儲蓄帳戶」是 multi-currency savings account 還是 multi-currencies savings account?
25. 美國前總統列根自撰墓誌銘說: I know in my heart that man is good, that what is right will always eventually triumph, and there is a reason to each and every life(人性本善,真理必勝,生命無不有其道理:此吾所深信不疑者也)。Each and every 一詞意思重複,是修辭技巧嗎?可以舉些類似的例子嗎?
26. Appendix 和 annex 有甚麼分別?
27. Person(人)的複數形式是 persons 還是 people?兩字用法有甚麼分別?
28. 「曬相」和「夾嘴型」英文怎樣說?
29. 為甚麼男童子軍叫 boy scout,女童子軍卻不叫 girl scout 而叫 girl guide?
30. 「最」多少都有「唯一」的意思,但現在常見「最好的××之一」這類說法。一班學生四十人,你成績排第三十九,也可自稱是「成績最好的三十九名學生之一」,未免荒謬。英文也有這說法嗎?
31. 有瘦身廣告以 slim up 為言,這和 slim down 有甚麼分別?
32. 讀 A Random Walk down the Wall Street(華爾街漫步)一書,見 When Mary talks, stocks go bananas 一語。Stocks go bananas 是甚麼意思?查字典也不得要領。還有其他說 banana 的有趣成語嗎?
33. Catch-22 為甚麼有「無法克服的困難」含義?
34. Cloud-cuckoo-land 一詞怎麼用?
35. 不滿時發出的嘖嘖聲,英文怎麼說?
36. It so happened that 25 years ago to the very week there had been a riot on this campus一語, to the very week 是甚麼意思?
37. The agreement, except clause xx, shall be in the English language(這協議,除了第××條,須用英文書寫)一語,except 之後要不要加 for 字?
38. Ballot 和 vote 有甚麼分別?
39. 看《教父》第三集劇本,見一人病發倒地後,喘著氣說:I've got my wind back。 Wind back 是甚麼意思呢?
40. Continual、 continuous 兩字有甚麼分別?
41. Sick 和 ill 有甚麼分別?
42. 「彩色影印本」是 colour copy 還是 coloured copy?「有效期」是 validity period 還是 valid period?
43. 複合名詞 river bank(河岸)不用連字號,同樣是「名詞+名詞」的 book-shop(書店)卻用;fruit picking(採摘果實)不用連字號,同樣是「名詞+動名詞(gerund)」的 bird-watching(觀鳥)卻用。其中有原則可循嗎?
44. Awaken、 waken 二字有甚麼分別?
45. Apart from 和 except 有甚麼分別?
Verb 動詞
46. The dangers of disease, corruption and civil war make / cause Africa an extremely difficult continent to travel through (疾病、貪污、內戰等危險,使非洲這個大陸難以遍遊)一語,為甚麼要用 make 字而不用 cause?
47. God save the Queen(天佑女王)一語,God 是第三人稱單數名詞(the third person singular),save 為甚麼不加 s?
48. 英文動詞字尾(suffix)—ise 和 —ize 哪個是英式用法,哪個是美式?
49. 「及格分數」是 pass mark 還是 passing mark?那 mark 字要不要加 s?
50. Large(大)的動詞是 enlarge(放大), small 的動詞是甚麼?
51. 曾看到 A flock of birds hovers over the farm(一群鳥兒在農場上空盤旋)、A gang of workers are loading the truck with coal(一群工人正把煤搬到貨車上)這兩句,為甚麼一時用單數形式動詞 hovers,一時用複數 are loading?
52. 小時候,聽老師說 I've、we'd 之類縮略法只用於口語,作文則紀述口語以外必須寫 I have、 we had / would 等。為甚麼現時的教科書即使非口語也常用縮寫?是我以前的老師錯了嗎?
53. He is one of the writers who has / have contributed much to English literature 一語,應用 has 還是 have?
54. 「戴卓爾夫人是英國第一位女首相」,用英文來說,動詞是 is 還是 was?─ Mrs Thatcher is / was the first woman prime minister of the United Kingdom。
55. Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix 書中有 A whole bunch of wizards was standing...(一大群男巫站著)一語。那 was 應改為 were 嗎?
56. He is one of the writers who have contributed much to English literature(他是對英國文學貢獻甚大的作家之一)一語,假如改 have 為 has,可不可以解作「在眾多作家之中,他是對英國文學甚有貢獻者」?
57. There being no further amendments, Mrs Y proposed to adopt the minutes(會議紀錄並無其他修改,Y太太於是提議通過)一語,being 改為 is 會不會好一點?
58. 以下句子的動詞應用甚麼形式? The mirror is broken. There's nothing ____ (do). We'll have to buy another one(鏡子破了,沒法修補,惟有另買一面鏡子)。
59. Would it be possible if I took next Monday off?(我下星期一放假可不可以?)一語,用過去式動詞說未來的事,是否有「看來不可以」含義?
60. A total of 20 people is / are not feeling well(共二十人感到不適)這一句,動詞應用 is 還是 are?
61. Tom and Mary is / are 1.5 metres and 1.3 metres tall, respectively(湯姆、瑪麗身高分別為一點五公尺和一點三公尺)這一句,動詞應用 is 還是 are?
62. Doubt 和 suspect 有甚麼分別?
63. 第一版《朗文當代英漢雙解詞典》neither 條下有 Neither my father nor I were there(我和父親都不在那裡)一語,動詞為甚麼不是單數形式的was?
64. 最近讀到 The sun sank in the west. It grew darker and darker(夕陽西下,天色越來越暗)二語。太陽西下是自然定律,sank 為甚麼不改為 sinks?
65. I found a wallet__(lie) on the floor(我看見地板上有個錢包)一語,動詞 lie 應用甚麼形式?
66. The contract expired / was expired on 31 January(合約一月三十一日期滿)、 The work commenced / was commenced yesterday(工作昨天展開)、 What he said meant / was meant nothing(他那番話沒有意思)這三句,應用主動(active voice)還是被動語態(passive voice)?
67. Do not need to 和 need not to 有甚麼分別?
68. 有文法書說,「to+原形動詞(infinitive)」和動名詞(gerund,即 ing 形式動詞)一樣,都可以作名詞,然則兩者有甚麼分別? To conserve energy is a wise policy(節約能源是明智之舉)可改為 Conserving energy 嗎?
69. Billy, as well as Lily, is / are coming(畢利、莉莉都會來)一語,動詞應用 is 還是 are?
70. He believes that the only way to get what he wants─ be it something material, be it affection─ is to receive it from the outside world(他認為,要得到他想要的東西,無論是物質還是感情,都只能靠外間給予)這一句,be 字是怎樣用的?
71. Animal Farm 的一句: When the other animals came back... the stable lad, who in fact was only stunned, had already recovered and made off(其他動物回到院子時……那馬童已經醒來,溜走了。他原來只是昏了過去)。Stunned 這回事,應發生在 had already recovered 之前,為甚麼反而不用過去完成式 had only been stunned?
72. There is a man, a woman and some children in the garden(花園裡有一個男人、一個女人和一些孩子)這一句,動詞為甚麼用 is?改用 are 可以嗎?
73. That money doesn't grow on trees should be obvious 一語,為甚麼有兩個動詞 grow 和 be?
74. 一份立法會競選政綱說:We have been become even more united(我們變得更團結)。這一句的 been 字可以略去嗎?
Sentence句子
75. 英文有沒有 Please drop me a line when you have time 的說法?我的老師說從未見過這樣的句子,吩咐會考時不要使用。
76. I have got a long hair 和 I got a long hair 有甚麼分別?
77. The girl is gorgeous that I have ever seen 和 The girl is gorgeous that I have never seen 這兩句,有甚麼分別?
78. I like Tom better than any of the other students(我喜歡湯姆,過於他任何一個同學)一語,any of the other students 可不可以改為 any other students?
79. Tom is a stupid student 和 Tom is one stupid student 這兩句,意思有分別嗎?
80. Aren't they here?一語,有人說是「近乎肯定的疑問句,說話者認為他們在這裡;之所以問,只是要求證」。這解釋正確嗎?
81. It is time you stopped fooling around(你不能再這樣游手好閑了)一語,改為轉述句(reported speech),是不是應作 It was time you had stopped fooling around?
82. One of the most important changes to come from the recent outbreaks of bird flu across Asia is the agreement between Hong Kong and mainland China to begin exchanging information on animal diseases一語,to come是不是應改為 came?
83. 以下三句,哪一句正確?(1)Would you mind if I used your phone?(2)Would you mind if I use your phone?(3)Do you mind if I use your phone?(介不介意我用你的電話?)
84. The economy improving, the government's measures to "prop up" property prices seem likely to succeed(目前經濟漸見起色,政府撐起物業價格的措施看來會成功)一語, improving 之前是不是應加 is 一字?
85. I will go to school and I will talk to Miss Chan(我會去學校,跟陳小姐談談)一語,可略作 I will go to school and talk to Miss Chan,但可不可以略作 I will go to school and will talk to Miss Chan?
86. The book is cheap 和 The price of the book is cheap 這兩句,意思有甚麼分別?
87. 和朋友去肯德基快餐店,見到 We do chicken right 一語,是甚麼意思?
88. The behaviour of seven to eight years old children、the behaviour of seven to eight year old children、the behaviour of seven- to eight-year-old children(七至八歲孩子的行為)三個寫法,哪一個正確?
89. 「甲和乙是對夫妻」英文是 A and B are couple、A and B is couple、A and B are couples 還是 A and B are a pair of couples?
90. He drives not so much slowly as recklessly 和 He does not drive so much slowly as recklessly 這兩句,哪一句正確?
91. 有英文參考書說,I don't know whether they are not here 不可解作「我不知道他們是否不在這兒」。我看了全文都不明所以,請先生解釋。
92. 最近讀到一份講「休會」(adjourn)的文件,不明白以下句子:The meeting shall stand adjourned to the same place and at the same time on the second following business day / on the next following business day。Second following business day 和 next following business day 有甚麼分別?
93. That is the last thing I want to hear 是甚麼意思?
94. No ambition is too great 一語應怎樣解釋?
95. Tell you what 和 You know what 這兩句話,是怎樣用的呢?I lost all my money and did not know what / how to do(我失去所有錢,不知所措)一語,應用 what 還是 how?
96. He is five years old 和 He is 5 years old(他五歲)這兩個寫法,使用上有甚麼分別?
97. Give me a break. I don't buy it. 書上譯作「算了,我不相信」;但查字典,give me a break 是「讓我休息一下」,哪個解釋才正確呢?
98. 「那是瑪麗和湯姆的球」英文是 That is Mary's and Tom's ball 還是 That is Mary and Tom's ball?
99. I don't even wear no watch 一語,是說戴了還是沒有戴手錶?
100. 「如果不是我,你已經死了」英文怎麼說?
101. 小一英文習作裡有 What is he? 這問題,答案是 He is a policeman(他是個警察)。英文真是以 What is he? 問人家職業的嗎?交談時問對方做甚麼工作,是不是也可以說 What are you?
102. The project will be carried out in both China and Japan(這計劃會在中、日兩國實行)這一句,刪去 both 一字,意思會有分別嗎?
103. I have sent him an email on 12th August(我八月十二日寄了電郵給他)這個說法,我認為不正確,但不少人都那樣寫,包括律師,究竟他們是否錯了?
104. Could / Would you close the door please?(請你關上門好嗎?)這一句,那 could、 would 不是過去式嗎?為甚麼不用 can 或 will?
105. 分詞子句(participle clause)的主詞(subject),不是應和主要子句(main clause)相同嗎?但《牛津高階英漢雙解詞典》judge條下卻有 Judging from previous experience, he will be late(據經驗判斷,他會遲到)一語,下判斷的人明顯不是主要子句中的 he。然則這一句是否錯了?
Preposition 介系詞
106. 小兒英文課本有 to go to a picnic(去野餐)一語,那 to 字是不是應改為 on?
107. In 和 inside 有甚麼分別?The students are in / inside the classroom 一語,應用 in 還是 inside?
108. 讀 Financial Times,見到 China to inject $45 billion to prop up state banks的標題。這種「主詞(subject)+ to+原形動詞(infinitive)句式」,可以解釋一下嗎?口頭也可用嗎?
109. That was China's third attempt to grabbing the crown of international fashion design 一語,或謂 to 是介系詞(preposition),所以其後用 grabbing之類動名詞(gerund),這解釋正確嗎?
110. Hong Kong is not so / as polluted as mainland China(香港污染情況沒有中國大陸那麼嚴重)、 We had great fun at / on Halloween(萬聖節前夕,我們玩得很痛快)二語,應用 so 還是 as,at 還是 on?老師說 so、on 都不對。
111. I stayed home and waited something to happen(我留在家裡等待某些事情發生)一語,stayed 之後應加 at 嗎?
112. His life was devoted to helping the poor(他一生致力幫助窮人)一語 to 之後為甚麼不用 help 而用 helping?
113. There are many places to go 和 There are many places to go to(有很多地方要去)這兩句,哪一句正確?僑居美國多年的朋友說第二句,然則 There are many problems to deal with(有很多問題要處理)一語,with 為甚麼卻不刪去?Go to a place、deal with a problem 這兩個說法,介系詞 to、with 不是同樣不可刪去嗎?
114. At the meeting on / of 20 April, his proposal was turned down(四月二十日的會議上,他的建議被否決了)一語,介系詞應用 on 還是 of?
115. By "appraisal" is meant a process of information collection and conclusion一語,by 是甚麼意思,可以刪去嗎?
116. Aim at 和 aim to、graduate at 和 graduate from 有甚麼分別?
117. I spent many hours in the internet chat room(我在互聯網聊天室內花了幾小時)一語,in 要不要改為 on?
118. The meeting is scheduled on / for Monday、 The meeting is scheduled by / for the end of June這兩句,用 on 和 for、 by 和 for 有甚麼分別?
119. 食物環境衞生署在龍虎山上有告示說:「 Allow your dog fouling in public place will risk prosecution 請勿讓狗隻隨處便溺,違者會被檢控」。 Fouling之後的 in 字應刪去嗎?
120. After he taught an English course at a tertiary college in Ningbo, he went to the University of Warwick for his MA degree(他在寧波某大專院校教授一個英語課程之後,赴瓦立克大學攻讀文學碩士課程)一語, After he taught 是否應改為 After teaching?
121. When the priest's crime was eventually discovered, he was executed on the orders of Claudius(最後,祭司罪行敗露,被克羅迪阿士判處死刑)一語,介系詞(preposition)用 on 正確嗎?改用 under 可不可以?
122. 以下三個說法都正確嗎?For the period from (date) to (date)、For the period (date) to (date)、 For the period between (date) and (date)。
實用英語
123. 「第幾?」英文怎麼說?例如醫生問「他是今天的第幾個病人?」你問朋友「今天是你幾歲生日?」等。
124. 因病或急事打電話到公司請假,英文怎麼說?
125. All the best 和 I wish you every success 有甚麼分別?此外還有甚麼常用的祝福語?
126. 有人打電話找我上司,他未能接聽,我用英文應該怎樣跟來電者說?
127. 人家說 Nice to meet you,應該怎樣回答?
128. 香港人說的「AA制」,英文叫甚麼?
129. 英文公函常見用 As spoke 或 As spoken 開頭,表示「正如以前說過」,例如:As spoke / spoken, I would like to seek your approval of the project(今謹如所言,奉函請台端批准計劃)。這兩個說法都正確嗎?
130. 人家給你斟酒,說 Say when,你應怎樣回答?
131. 飯後想叫伙計結帳,英文怎麼說?
132. 買東西,要用英語議價,該怎麼說?
133. 求職面試之後,想寄道謝卡給主持面試者,感謝他們給了我機會,應該怎樣下筆?
134. I am available for(an) immediate appointment(我可以立即應聘)、I am available for (an) interview at any time convenient to you(任何時間,只要閣下方便,我都可以來面試)這兩句,應不應該用 an 字?
135. 餐廳中午供應的套餐是 set lunch 還是 lunch set?兩個說法我都聽過。
136. 支票劃線內的 & Co 代表甚麼?
137. Yours faithfully、Very truly yours、Respectfully、Yours sincerely、Cordially、Best regards / Regards 等英文信件收束語,用法有甚麼不同?
138. Please be informed/ advised that... 這說法對不對?
139. 用電話郵箱請人留言,以下說法哪個較好?Hi, this is Peter Li mailbox/ Peter Li's mailbox. Please leave down your message after the beep and I'll get back to you shortly(這是李彼得電話郵箱。請在「嗶」一聲之後留下口信,我很快就會回電話給你)。
140. 有些藥房招牌上寫著 Px,這代表甚麼?
141. 一九八四年,英文叫 nineteen eighty-four,然則二零一年可以叫 twenty eleven 嗎?現在一般都說 two thousand and eleven。又二一零零年、二一一零年、二一一二年等英文怎麼說呢?
142. 「幾十個」、「十幾個」、「三十幾個」等大約的數量,英文怎樣表達?
143. 寫信給姓 Wilson 的父子,可用 senior(大)、 junior(小)區分;說話時則怎樣?假如父親名 Jack,兒子名 John,叫 Mr Jack 或 Mr John可以嗎?
144. 地下列車的八達通卡要增值,英文怎麼說?
145. 「你」的敬稱是「您」,英文 you 有類似的敬稱嗎?
146. 有些公函結尾說 Thanking you for your attention(辱承垂注,謹此致謝),這說法正確嗎?Thanking 可以改為 Thank 嗎?
147. 「經濟問題」是 economic problem 還是 finance problem?Problem 之前應用形容詞還是名詞?
148. 「爆坼」和「生飛滋」英文叫甚麼?
149. 近年常常見人用 buy 字表示「同意」、「相信」等,這個字是不是濫用了?可以用其他字取代嗎?
150. Noel 這個名字,在香港似乎只有女性使用,但《牛津高階英漢雙解詞典》卻列為「男子名」,究竟 Noel是男性還是女性名字?
前言
本書內容,出自我在《蘋果日報》副刊撰寫的《征服英語》一欄,本是解答讀者提出的各種英語疑難,題目頗為錯雜。承亮光文化編輯不棄,精心挑選分類,遂見條理,謹此向編輯致謝。
學習英語,不明白,就不會感到興趣。所以,我下筆向來以「明白」為第一要務,希望也能同時引起讀者對英文的興趣。
古德明
28/05/2010
本書內容,出自我在《蘋果日報》副刊撰寫的《征服英語》一欄,本是解答讀者提出的各種英語疑難,題目頗為錯雜。承亮光文化編輯不棄,精心挑選分類,遂見條理,謹此向編輯致謝。
學習英語,不明白,就不會感到興趣。所以,我下筆向來以「明白」為第一要務,希望也能同時引起讀者對英文的興趣。
古德明
28/05/2010